A. Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (CPC)—Order 41 Rule 27—Additional Evidence—Appellate court may allow additional evidence only in exceptional circumstances, such as necessity for pronouncing judgment or substantial cause; parties do not have a right to introduce evidence at convenience—If existing evidence suffices, no additional evidence is required—High Court rightly rejected application lacking merit. [Paras 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.15, 11.17] B. Adverse Possession—Against Government—Title cannot be claimed by adverse possession against the State/Union Government, regardless of duration of possession—Such rights are not recognized against the government. [Para 10(ii)] C. Evidence Act, 1872—Burden of Proof—Plaintiffs claiming ownership by ancestral property and continuous posses...

A. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 482—Quashing of Proceedings—High Court erred in denying quashing to father-in-law and mother-in-law when allegations were general and omnibus, similar to those quashed against sister-in-law; delay in lodging FIR and lack of specific acts indicated possible counter-blast to divorce petition—Proceedings against appellants quashed. [Paras 7, 8, 10, 11] B. Penal Code, 1860 & Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961—Sections 341, 323, 498A, 34; Sections 3, 4—Allegations against in-laws lacked specificity regarding acts, dates, or overt conduct; mere quarrels do not constitute criminal offence; continuation of proceedings not sustainable when identical to quashed allegations against another accused. [Para 7] C. Evidence Act, 1872—Burden of Proof—Criminal alleg...

A. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Interim Bail—Arrest in FIR No. 426/2025—Petitioner granted interim bail in connection with FIR registered at Police Station City Barnala, District Barnala, Punjab, subject to execution of personal bond of ₹25,000 with one or more sureties of like amount. B. Cooperation with Investigation—Condition of Bail—Bail is conditional upon petitioner cooperating with the investigation and reporting to the Investigating Officer as and when required. C. Procedural Directions—Filing of Affidavits—Notice issued returnable in six weeks—Respondent permitted four weeks to file counter affidavit, followed by two weeks to petitioner for rejoinder—Counsel appearing for the State on advance notice; formal notice waived. ...

A. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Quashing of Criminal Proceedings—Settlement Between Parties—Where parties have amicably settled their dispute arising out of criminal proceedings, the continuation of the trial would serve no useful purpose—In such circumstances, the Supreme Court may quash the proceedings to secure the ends of justice—Proceedings arising out of P.S. Case No. 608/2017 were accordingly quashed in view of the settlement between the parties. B. Criminal Proceedings—Cheque-related Dispute—Compromise—Criminal case initiated in relation to a cheque transaction was settled between the complainant and the accused—On confirmation of settlement before the Court, further continuation of the proceedings before the Chief Judicial Magistrate was held unnecessary. C. Appeal&mdas...

A. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 482—Quashing of criminal proceedings—Dowry harassment case—Allegations against father-in-law and mother-in-law—Held, FIR contained only general and omnibus allegations without attributing any specific overt act—High Court quashed proceedings against sister-in-law on same reasoning but declined relief to appellants—Such differential treatment unjustified where allegations are identical—Continuation of proceedings against appellants unsustainable—Proceedings quashed. [Paras 7, 10–11] B. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973—Section 482—Dowry-related offences—Complaint filed nearly one year after husband instituted divorce proceedings—Delay coupled with absence of specific allegations against in-laws—Indication t...

A. Code of Civil Procedure, 1908—Order XLI Rule 27—Additional evidence in appeal—Scope—Application for production of additional documents (General Land Register entries)—High Court decided appeal without expressly deciding application but rejected the same while dismissing review petition—Held, additional evidence cannot be permitted as a matter of right and is admissible only in circumstances specified under Order XLI Rule 27—Appellate court may allow such evidence only when necessary to remove a lacuna or enable pronouncement of judgment—Where sufficient material exists on record to decide appeal, additional evidence cannot be introduced to fill gaps in a party’s case—Rejection of application justified. [Paras 11.1–11.7, 11.15] B. Code of Civil Procedure, 1908&mda...

A. Bail—Post-Conviction—Long Incarceration Pending Appeal—Appellant convicted under Sections 302 and 201 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment had remained in custody for more than ten years—Considering prolonged incarceration and overall circumstances, the Supreme Court granted bail pending consideration of appeal. [Paras 4, 6] B. Criminal Appeal—Conviction Based on Circumstantial Evidence—Appellant contended that conviction was based solely on circumstantial evidence and that he had maintained satisfactory jail conduct and had not misused parole granted earlier—These factors were considered relevant while granting bail. [Para 4] C. Bail—Conditions of Release—Appellant directed to be released on bail subject to conditions to be imposed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Dwarka D...

A. Criminal Procedure—Anticipatory Bail—Confirmation of Interim Protection—Petitioner, a 67-year-old woman, was granted interim protection earlier—Considering the overall facts and circumstances, the Court made the interim protection absolute and directed her release on anticipatory bail in connection with FIR registered at Police Station Thoi, District Sikar, under relevant provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. [Para 2] B. Anticipatory Bail—Condition of Cooperation with Investigation—Bail granted subject to the condition that the petitioner shall appear before the Investigating Officer on the specified date and cooperate with the investigation. [Para 2] C. Special Leave Petition—Disposal—In view of the grant of anticipatory bail, the Special Leave Petition was disposed of, ...

A. Contempt of Court—Interim Bail to Advocate—Undertaking and Apology—Advocate arrested for repeated ex facie contempt of court was produced before the Court—On request that he would tender an unconditional apology and undertake good conduct, the Court granted interim bail for one week, subject to satisfaction of the Paharganj Police Station or the concerned Metropolitan Magistrate—Continuation of interim bail made conditional upon filing an affidavit of unconditional apology and undertaking of future good behaviour, to be placed before Hon’ble Justice K.V. Viswanathan for consideration—Non-compliance to result in further listing of the matter. B. Supreme Court Bar Association—Election Reforms—Interlocutory Applications—Comparative chart of suggestions received regarding elect...

A. Artificial Intelligence (AI)—Use in Legal Proceedings—Reliance on AI-generated, non-existent, or fake judgments by a court is a serious matter affecting the integrity of the judicial process—Such reliance amounts to misconduct rather than a mere error of judgment—The Supreme Court has called for examination of accountability and institutional safeguards, issuing notice to the Attorney General, Solicitor General, and Bar Council of India. [Paras 1, 4, 7, 8] B. Contempt of Court / Misconduct—Adjudication Process—When a trial court bases its decision on AI-generated or synthetic judgments, it constitutes misconduct with legal consequences—This impacts the reliability and fairness of adjudication—Pending the Supreme Court’s consideration, the trial court was directed not to act on th...